Category: Nelson Rafael Bustamante Abidar

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The process of excavation at a construction site involves a comprehensive understanding of various aspects including centerline and excavation drawings, setting out plans on the ground, soil excavation, and removal procedures. Quality assurance checks such as recording ground levels and marking reference points are essential throughout the process to ensure …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The compressive strength of mortar, as determined by utilizing 2-inch or 50mm cubes in accordance with ASTM C109 / C109M – Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars, serves as a crucial parameter in assessing the durability and load-bearing capacity of various masonry structures. Mortar, composed of …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Thermoplastic composites represent a highly ductile material capable of being repaired even after prolonged service. Characterized by their high toughness, substantial strength, and the unique ability to be remolded and recycled, these materials emerge as an optimal choice in various construction applications. Typically deployed in lightweight structures, storage tanks, door …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The penetration value test on bitumen serves as a crucial measure of its hardness and consistency. Specifically, a bitumen grade like 80/100 signifies that its penetration value falls within the range of 80 to 100. This value is determined by the vertical distance penetrated by a standard needle into the …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite is a type of material wherein a polymer is reinforced with fibers, falling into the category of composite materials. These materials are formed by dispersing particles of one or more materials within another material, creating a continuous network around them. Distinguishing itself from traditional construction …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Energy audits play a crucial role in identifying opportunities for energy efficiency improvements in buildings. The audit process is comprehensive and iterative, typically involving several tasks tailored to the specific type and function of the building being assessed. While the sequence of tasks may vary, a general procedure can be …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute In this subsection, various energy conservation measures (ECMs) commonly recommended for commercial and industrial facilities are discussed. It should be noted that the list of ECMs presented below is not exhaustive or comprehensive. Rather, it is provided to indicate options that energy auditors can consider during energy analyses. However, it …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Circular prestressing refers to the technique employed in reinforcing circular structures such as pipes and tanks by winding prestressing wires in circular patterns. This method stands in contrast to linear prestressing, which encompasses all other forms of prestressing where cables are straight or curved but not wound in circles around …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Design of Steel Tanks Steel tanks are defined as vessels made of steel plates, utilized for storing various liquids such as water, petroleum, diesel, and kerosene oil. These tanks may be either placed on the ground or elevated on towers. When situated on the ground, they are supported either by …

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Types of Portland Cement Different types of Portland cement are manufactured to meet specific purposes, as outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Designation C150, which specifies eight types: Type Name Type I Normal Type IA Normal, air entraining Type II Moderate sulfate resistance Type IIA Moderate …

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